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Kingstanding Together

Birmingham history

Timeline

Birmingham’s story in dates — inventions and firms, riots and campaigns, and the buildings the city has lost.

Clear

1910s

  1. October 1917 — A ‘loop’ of streets round the centre is proposedA Public Works Committee report on road widths includes Councillor Talbot’s plan to widen ‘certain streets near the centre, forming a kind of loop round the centre’. The council’s 1989 history says the streets were almost identical to the line of the later Inner Ring Road. Widening lines were approved in January 1918.Herbert Manzoni

1940s

  1. 16 October 1941 — Manzoni reports on central city planningCity Engineer Herbert Manzoni sends a confidential report on central city planning, built round a ring road, to the Public Works Committee. Four advisory panels follow, on traffic, housing, redevelopment areas and the city’s limits.
  2. 29 April 1943 — Ring road approved in principleThe Public Works Committee approves Manzoni’s ring-road proposals in principle. The line follows the inner loop first suggested in 1917 and uses bombed sites where it can.Herbert Manzoni
  3. July 1945 — Council backs a Bill for the ring roadThe full City Council authorises a Parliamentary Bill for the Inner Ring Road. Keith Jordan dates the council’s approval of the scheme to July 1944; Larkham, working from the archives, gives July 1945 for the Bill.
  4. 7–23 May 1946 — Commons committee examines the Birmingham Corporation BillA House of Commons committee examines the city’s Bill for the ring road. Some clauses are removed, including one letting the council make parking spaces a condition of planning permission, after the Chamber of Commerce objects.Herbert Manzoni
  5. 1946 — Birmingham Corporation Act passedParliament gives the council powers to build the Inner Ring Road and buy the land compulsorily. Peter Larkham calls it the largest such council scheme to have come before Parliament.Birmingham Market HallBishop’s House, Bath Street

1950s

  1. 21 November 1956 — A council deputation puts a price on trafficBirmingham’s deputation to the Minister of Transport argues that Lucas’s 300 vehicles average 10 mph across the city, and that faster roads would save the city’s 28,000 goods vehicles about £2 million a year.Joseph Lucas Ltd (Lucas Industries)
  2. 1957 — Smallbrook Street cleared for the ring road (lost)Demolition clears Smallbrook Street for Smallbrook Ringway, the first section of the Inner Ring Road, after the Minister of Transport approves funding in January 1957.Smallbrook Street
  3. 8 March 1957 — Work on the ring road starts with a bangThe Minister of Transport, Harold Watkinson, inaugurates the Inner Ring Road by exploding a charge to bring down a wall, as recorded in the council’s own film of the first stage.
  4. 18 January 1957 — Ring road funding approvedThe Minister of Transport, Harold Watkinson, approves funding for the Inner Ring Road, eleven years after the Act. Work starts on the stretch from Horse Fair towards New Street station.
  5. 8 April 1959 — First ring-road subway opensThe subway from Hill Street to Hurst Street opens beneath the new road, reportedly the first in the country to be pedestrians’ only way across.Smallbrook Street
  6. January 1959 — Public Works Committee agrees to demolish the Market HallA Public Works Committee conference on the Bull Ring agrees to demolish the bombed Market Hall, opening the way for the ring road and the Bull Ring Centre.The old Bull Ring and Spiceal StreetBirmingham Market Hall
  7. 1 October 1959 — Ginsburg calls the ring road a ‘tragedy’In the Architects’ Journal, Leslie Ginsburg of the Birmingham School of Planning warns that the ring road ‘looks like being the greatest traffic and town design tragedy yet to afflict an English city’.Herbert Manzoni

1960s

  1. 1960 — Smallbrook Ringway opensThe first section of the Inner Ring Road, Smallbrook Ringway, opens. By 1961 the road has reached Carrs Lane.
  2. May 1961 — The ringway splits Spiceal StreetJohn Ball’s photographs show the new Inner Ringway running between Spiceal Street and the Market Hall, with Phillips Street widened into one of its carriageways.The old Bull Ring and Spiceal Street
  3. March 1961 — Manzoni describes the Inner Ring Road to engineersIn the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Manzoni calls the ring road ‘a city street of novel character – it is not an urban motorway, nor principally a traffic street or a shopping street’.Herbert Manzoni
  4. 27 November 1963 — Traffic in Towns is publishedColin Buchanan’s report reaches MPs. The Minister of Transport, Ernest Marples, says: “Cars are a boon. But they have now started to choke movement.” Birmingham’s ring road has been under construction since 1957.
  5. 13 August 1963 — Demolition begins for the new library (lost)The City Engineer and Surveyor’s Department photographs demolition beginning in Great Charles Street for the new Central Library at Paradise Circus.Mason Science College, Edmund StreetBirmingham Central Library (John Madin)
  6. October 1963 — Masshouse Circus contract awardedThe construction contract for Masshouse Circus goes to Bryant Civil Engineering. In 1977 the Sunday Times alleged that Bryant had been preferred to a lower tender.Masshouse Circus
  7. 1964 — Priory Ringway built from Old SquareThe new Priory Ringway dual carriageway runs from Old Square down to Masshouse Circus, photographed newly completed in 1964.Old Square
  8. 1965 — Midland Institute compulsorily purchased (lost)The Birmingham and Midland Institute’s Paradise Street building is compulsorily purchased so that Paradise Street can be widened for re-routed traffic. The Institute moves to Margaret Street in 1966.Birmingham and Midland Institute, Paradise Street
  9. 1966 — Pevsner praises Birmingham’s ‘courage’Nikolaus Pevsner and Alexandra Wedgwood’s Warwickshire calls the courage of devising a completely new set of roads and open spaces in the centre of Birmingham ‘wholly admirable’, though they find the city’s high housing disappointing.Herbert Manzoni
  10. 21 April 1967 — Old Square mural unveiledA cast brass and iron mural of Old Square’s history by Kenneth Budd & Associates, commissioned by the Public Works Department for the new sunken precinct, is unveiled.Old Square

1970s

  1. 1971 — Colmore Row widening droppedThe council abandons its plan to widen Colmore Row as part of the ring road scheme. The historian Peter Larkham sees this as a turning point in the city’s planning culture.
  2. 4 January 1971 — Traffic uses the whole ring for the first timeThe complete Inner Ring Road is opened to traffic, three months before the Queen’s ceremonial opening.
  3. 7 April 1971 — The Queen opens the Inner Ring RoadQueen Elizabeth II officially opens the completed Inner Ring Road, in use by traffic since January. The loop is two and a quarter miles long with 52 pedestrian subways.
  4. 1972 — Aston Expressway reaches Lancaster CircusThe Aston Expressway opens, linking the ring road to the M6. Its elevated section sweeps over Lancaster Circus on concrete supports.Lancaster Circus
  5. 29 May 1977 — “City’s ringroad falling apart”After cracks close the Masshouse Circus underpass in mid-May, the Sunday Times publishes an engineer’s report predicting that Masshouse Circus and Smallbrook Ringway could collapse within a decade. An official interim report calls the road structurally sound.Masshouse CircusSmallbrook Queensway
  6. 7 June 1978 — Parliament asks who pays to mend the ring roadIn the Commons the West Midlands County Council’s estimate of about £440,000 for maintenance of the ring road in 1977–81 is given. Jeff Rooker MP says the Ministry of Transport paid three-quarters of its original cost.
  7. April 1978 — Ring-road contractors convictedThree directors of Bryant’s, the ring road’s main contractor, are convicted of corruption over council contracts worth £112 million since 1963.

1980s

  1. 1987 — A City Centre StrategyThe council publishes a City Centre Strategy welcoming housing back into the centre and promising good pedestrian access, especially across the Queensway.
  2. 25–27 March 1988 — The Highbury InitiativeA symposium on the future of the city centre recommends that “the concrete collar of the Inner Ring Road be broken”. The council begins lowering and removing the road.

1990s

  1. 1991 — The International Convention Centre opensThe ICC opens on Broad Street as a flagship for a new service economy; a new pedestrian route is run from it across the lowered ring road into the city centre.
  2. 1999 — Light rail returns to BirminghamThe Midland Metro opens between Birmingham and Wolverhampton, the first light rail service in the city since the last trams ran in 1953.

2000s

  1. c. By 2001 — New Street is pedestrianisedThe council reports that the full pedestrianisation of New Street has removed vehicles and increased footfall by over 50 per cent.
  2. 2002 — Masshouse Circus demolished (lost)The raised Masshouse Circus section of the ring road is demolished, the first big break in the “concrete collar”. Birmingham Friends of the Earth sell chunks at 50p each.

2010s

  1. July 2011 — The Big City PlanBirmingham’s city centre masterplan aims to grow the city core by a quarter, beyond the old ‘concrete collar’ of the Inner Ring Road, with over 5,000 new homes in its areas of transformation.
  2. 20 July 2013 — Ring road tunnels shut for repairsThe A38 St Chad’s and Queensway tunnels, the main surviving parts of the ring road, close for six weeks of essential repairs.St Chad’s CircusParadise Circus
  3. September 2018 — Paradise Circus closes to general traffic (lost)Paradise Circus, renamed Lyon Queensway, closes for the Metro and the Paradise redevelopment. Through traffic keeps using the A38 tunnel underneath.Paradise Circus